Glass Ceiling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unfair limitation - Research Paper Example This implies despite the fact that ladies are at present ready to climb to higher situations, at one point they are halted by a concealed hindrance. This is experienced by the individuals who are impeded from being advanced due to their ethnic connection as well as in light of the fact that they are ladies. In any case, progress has been made over the most recent ten years. As indicated by the CEO of Highfield Human Solutions, Sherilyn Shackell, â€Å"There is no uncertainty that ladies have advanced impressively among our worldwide workforce, particularly in the course of the last not many decades† (AMA, 2010, para 7). She further included, â€Å"Yet, regardless of reports that ladies are getting through the ‘glass ceiling,’ apparently the roof is simply ‘slightly cracked’ instead of broken† (AMA, 2010, para 7). The International Institute for Management Development (IMD) research in 2010 announced a few upsetting patterns: a negligible 20 percent of all administrators are ladies, with right around 50 percent of respondents conceding the all out nonappearance of ladies inside the official board of trustees gathering; and, about 10 percent of official individuals have a place with minority gatherings (AMA, 2010, para 4-6). In any case, notwithstanding all the fights against the unfair limitation, corporate America is in reality achieving much regarding permitting ladies to possess amazing corporate positions. Actually, as expressed in the review of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United States has minimal inconsistency between the level of ladies possessing senior administration posts and the level of male ranking directors (Rampell, 2013). Since the 1960s’ social unrest, the American government has been overwhelmingly occupied with denying sex separation in associations. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the key rule tending to the issues of unattainable rank. The law immovably disallows a wide range of segregation dependent on national inception, sex, religion, or race in the working environment (Palmer and

The eNotes Blog Diversity, Intersectionality, and Inclusivity#YANeedsMore

Assorted variety, Intersectionality, and Inclusivity#YANeedsMore Recently the hashtag #YANeedsMore began slanting, and we bounced in to watch the discussion unfurl. We are ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ ing the #YANeedsMore tweets! (@) July 23, 2015 Not amazing wasâ the number of calls for greater intersectionality and decent variety; we wereâ pleasantly surprisedâ byâ the rich knowledge, input, thoughts, and individual encounters from several youthful grown-up, and appropriate grown-up, tweeters. The YA sort and especially its more established perusers have been reprimanded for an array of shortcomings and weaknesses. This slanting label was a sob for a progressively shifted genre,â and ideally authors and distributers will follow to coordinate their perusers encounters, societies, stories, and connections. Here are a portion of our most loved #YANeedsMore. More  poor familiesâ #YANeedsMore Poor families.(Growing up in a marginal destitution network, I found the upper white collar class standard in YA estranging.) Kody Keplinger (@Kody_Keplinger) July 23, 2015 More  teen young ladies whoâ #YANeedsMore high schooler young ladies who know they dont ever need to settle down and have children. Few out of every odd young lady likes babies. Carrie Ann (@Writer_Carrie) July 24, 2015 More  queer kids beingâ #YANeedsMore eccentric children being legends in a story that has nothing to do with their sexuality. Tristina Wright (@TristinaWright) July 23, 2015 More  fat kids withâ #YANeedsMore fat characters w/intersectional ids (mogai, poc, disabled,etc.) bc most fat roasts Ive seen are white/cishet/physically fit inver (@invertweets) July 24, 2015 More  neuro-atypical individualsâ #YANeedsMore neuro-atypical people without making them heartbreaking or needing fixing. Steven Gould (@StevenGould) July 23, 2015 More  girls whoâ #YAneedsmore young ladies who approve of being single. Sentiment is acceptable and fun however being single is a decent (solid) thing Akchita S. (@KailiaSage) July 23, 2015 Greater  diversity ofâ #YANeedsMore decent variety. of skin, adores, sexual orientation, size, shape, minds, cerebrum sciences, convictions. jenperator larsen (@jenfoo) July 23, 2015 More  friendshipsâ #YANeedsMore companionships! Solid fellowships. Poisonous kinships. Kid/young lady kinships. Kid/kid kinships. Young lady/young lady fellowships. Molli Moran (@MissMolliWrites) July 23, 2015 More  complex parent-high schooler relationshipsâ #YANeedsMore complex parent-high schooler connections that arent moved by separation, illness, or an emergency. Saba Sulaiman (@agentsaba) July 23, 2015 More  trans teensâ whoâ #yaneedsmore Trans adolescents who are open to being trans. Nonbinary teenagers! Genderqueer youngsters! Nita Tyndall (@NitaTyndall) July 23, 2015 More  retellings of classicsâ #YANeedsMore retellings of works of art that are not by Jane Austen or Shakespeare lets see a YA Villette or Dorian Gray! Claire Hennessy (@clairehennessy) July 23, 2015 More  ambitious teensâ #YANeedsMore eager youngsters. Youngsters are continually making/changing plans constantly, more stories on what to do in the event that it doesnt go to design. Lily Meade (@LilyMeade) July 23, 2015 More  cats? Uh I dont necessarilyâ disagree with this. #YANeedsMore feline POV stories Jeff Crook (@JeffCrook2b) July 23, 2015 What do you think YA needs a greater amount of? Tell us in the remarks, and add your voice to the pattern!

The Best of Audibles As You Wish Sale

The Best of Audibles As You Wish Sale Until September 2nd, Audible members can purchase over 200 titles for $5.95 each (Not a member? Start a free trial and get two free audiobooks here). Here is a roundup of some of the most exciting inclusions: Biography Memoir Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? by Mindy Kaling Kaling’s memoir follows the actress from her childhood as the daughter of immigrant parents to her television career  and discusses her observations on life, romance, and Hollywood. Me Talk Pretty One Day by David Sedaris The only thing better than reading David Sedaris is listening to David Sedaris read David Sedaris. Me Talk Pretty One Day includes an essay about learning French that will ring true for anyone who has ever been in a language class. Everything Happens for a Reason: And Other Lies I’ve Loved by Kate Bowler Kate Bowler is a professor at Duke Divinity School with a new baby and an academic focus on the “American prosperity gospel” in which everything happens for a reason. When she is diagnosed with Stave IV colon cancer, she tries to learn to surrender control and to make the most of the time she has. Classics Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie Hercule Poirot investigates an ingenious crime in which everyone has a motive. This version of the classic mystery features a full-cast of narrators. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain The classic story of Tom Sawyer’s adventures on the banks of the Mississippi and what happens when they accidentally witness a murder. This audiobook is narrated by Nick Offerman. Anna Karenina  by Leo Tolstoy This version of the classic novel of doomed love and life in nineteenth century Russia is narrated by Maggie Gyllenhaal. Business The Life-Changing Magic of Not Giving a  F*ck by Sarah Knight This parody of The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up instructs readers in a two-step mental decluttering designed to rid oneself of unwanted shame and guilt. Get Your Sh*t Together  is also currently on sale. Start: Punch Fear in the Face, Escape Average, Do Work That Matters by Jon Acuff Wall Street Journal bestselling author Jon Acuff discusses getting unstuck and finding meaning in a world in which people now have two or three different careers in a lifetime. Per Acuff, there are only two paths in life: average and awesome. Here are some tips for being awesome a little more often. Unstuff Your Life: Kick the Clutter Habit and Completely Organize Your Life for Good by Andrew Mellen Professional organizer Andrew Mellen believes that we must distinguish ourselves from our possessions and provides a step-by-step guide to create order in even the most disorganized homes. Mystery Thriller IQ by Joe Ide IQ is the first book in a series about a loner and high school dropout who has the skills and intellect to solve the crimes in his neighborhood that the LAPD ignores. The Last Mrs. Parrish by Liv Constantine Amber Patterson envies Daphne Parrish, who has everything she feels she lacks. In this psychological thriller, Amber finds a way to get close to Daphne and, perhaps, to get everything she’s ever wanted. A Study in Scarlet Women by Sherry Thomas A series of unexpected deaths leaves Charlotte Holmes’ father and sister under suspicion. Under the assumed name Sherlock Holmes, Charlotte must go up against an unseen adversary to clear her family’s name. Fiction Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi Homegoing is a multigenerational story of two half-sisters from different villages, one of whom is sold into slavery and the other of whom remains in Ghana, and follows the lives of their descendants in Ghana and America. Less by Andrew Sean Greer Winner of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. To avoid the wedding of his boyfriend of the past nine years, Arthur Less accepts every invitation he has received to literary events around the world. A Little Life by Hanya Yanagihara Malcolm, Willem, JB, and Jude are four friends from college who begin their adult lives together in New York. The novel traces the changes in their relationships over the coming decades and the challenges faced by Jude in particular, whose troubled past follows him into adulthood. Romance That Month in Tuscany by Inglath Cooper When Lizzy Harper is stood up for her anniversary trip by her husband she throws herself a pity party on the plane to Italy and then, due to turbulence, literally falls into the lap of rock star Ren Sawyer. The two feel an undeniable pull between them and a connection that might just heal them both. Dark Witch by Nora Roberts Iona Sheehan arrives in County Mayo, Ireland and finds her cousins Branna and Connor O’Dwyer. She also meets Boyle McGrath, the owner of the stable where she is working and finds herself falling for him. But nothing is as it seems there is an ancient evil connected to Ionas family that must be defeated. The first book in the Cousins O’Dwyer trilogy. Man Hands by Sarina Bowen and Tanya Eby Thirty-four and divorced, Brynn has no interest in trying to meet anyone new. A bet with some friends and the sudden appearance of her ex at a party causes her to throw herself at Tom, the first single man she sees. She disappears immediately afterwards but Tom is determined to find her. Sci-Fi and Fantasy Binti by Nnedi Okorafor Binti is the first of the Himba people to be accepted to study at Oomza University, the finest institution of higher learning in the galaxy. If she attends, she will live among strangers who do not share her ways . In order to make it to the University, she must travel within reach of the Meduse, an alien race that has long warred with the University. The Water Knife by Paolo Bacigalupi In a world where water is dwindling, Angel “cuts” water for his boss, Catherine Case, so that luxurious homes can continue to be built in the desert while poorer communities suffer. While investigating a new water source, he encounters Lucy Monroe, a journalist, and Maria Villarosa, a young refugee. They must band together to survive in a world where water is more valuable than gold. Shift by Hugh Howey The sequel to the bestselling Wool series, Shift is about the discovery of a hardware and software platform that can allow robots smaller than human cells to make diagnoses, conduct repairs, and self-propagate. At the same time a pill is discovered that can wipe out the memory of traumatic events. Mankind discovers the means to bring about its own downfallâ€"and can make sure that the population forgets it ever happened. Nonfiction So You Want to Talk About Race by Ijeoma Oluo So You Want to Talk About Race is a contemporary, accessible take on the American racial landscape and includes issues such as privilege, the Black Lives Matter movement, micro-aggressions, and police brutality. The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, and Pips Conquored the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History by Thor Hanson From the Fall of Rome to the Arab Spring, this microhistory covers the fundamental importance of seeds to human life and human history. Tribe: On  Homecoming and Belonging by Sebastian Junger A critical look at post-traumatic stress disorder and the challenges faced by returning veterans, Sebastian Junger looks at the ancient tribal human behaviors and how at odds they are in today’s world. Kids YA To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before by Jenny Han When Lara Jean Song Covey’s has a crush on a boy, she writes a letter to help her get over it. When her letters end up in the mail, her love life is suddenly no longer imaginary. Turtles All the Way Down by John Green Friends Aza and Daisy investigate the case of a missing billionaire while Aza struggles with her own obsessive thoughts and her feelings for the billionaire’s son. Wonder by R.J. Palacio Born with a facial difference, Auggie has never been to school before. The perspective in Wonder switches from Auggie to his friends, parents, and siblings as they learn about acceptance, compassion, and differences. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world.

Essay on Medical Marijuana Ethical Issues - 1907 Words

The process by which society detects and interprets information from the external world in a utilitarian theory claims: one should always do the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When one has the motivation to reach goals for the benefit of one’s self it is known as ethical egoism. In this paper we shall consider a brief history of cannabis, the parallels of legalizing medical marijuana and prohibition of alcohol in the 1920’s with regard to ethical egoism and utilitarian theories. The earliest record of mans use of cannabis comes from the island of Taiwan located off the coast of mainland China. Archaeologists have unearthed an ancient village site dating back over 10,000 years to the Stone Age. With the pottery that†¦show more content†¦The act was drafted by Harry Anslinger and introduced by Rep. Robert L. Doughton of North Carolina, on April 14, 1937. The imposed tax equaled roughly one dollar on anyone who profited from cannabis, hemp, or marijuana. The Act did not itself make the possession or usage of hemp, marijuana, or cannabis unlawful but it did add a punishment and implementation to the rule to which marijuana, cannabis, or hemp handlers were subject. A $2000 fine and five years imprisonment could result in the violation of these processes. The National Wholesale Druggists’ Association (NWDA) representative protested, in addition to other aspects of the proposed legislation, the inclusion of cannabis alongside opiates and cocaine s tating that cannabis was not what may be called a habit-forming drug. Had the use and selling of cannabis been seen in more of a Utilitarian perspective then perhaps the 1937 Marijuana Act could have been halted. More consideration and research into this issue in the 1930’s could have given earlier insight to the positive medical uses. Because of the melee and discontent connected to cannabis, heroin and opiates the consensus to allow it could be regarded as egotistic. It was not seen as something positive that humanity could profit from. It was seen as another method for unsavory individuals to capitalize upon. Many believed that legalizing medical marijuana could include the legalization of cocaine and heroin. Some of today’s legislation that has beenShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues : Weed And Medical Marijuana1148 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Noh Professor Ericka Scott English 100 11 April 2016 Ethical Issues: Weed Marijuana has been consumed ever since the human civilization started. However, according to Zimmermann (2014), large amounts of research on medical marijuana started around the early 1970s. Through articles and videos on the Internet, social media, and even school, people are becoming more aware of the presence of medical marijuana. Even children are being informed through D.A.R.E. programs offered in many elementaryRead MoreMedical Benefits Of Medical Marijuana1161 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the issue of whether medical marijuana ought to be legally sanctioned as a medicinal treatment. Medical marijuana involves the use of cannabis and its constituent’s cannabinoids in order to treat a disease or its symptoms (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2015). Numerous studies led declare the drug a miracle treatment for a variety of medical issues. These studies, however, are limited and effectively challenged by different studies that exhibit the health risks marijuana can ha ve on theRead MoreWritten Analysis : Law And Ethics1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthose we empower will do so in a manner that is true and honest, for example in an ethical fashion. While both laws and ethics work to establish a moral boundary for all society, ethics is a more personal code while the law is a justice-based handbook. Violating laws will send a person to jail or give a person fines. Violating an ethical code will lead to shame and the scorn of others; it is important to note, ethical codes do not carry legal punishments. How Law and Ethics are Dissimilar Ethics andRead Moreâ€Å"When Your Conscience Says Law Is Immoral, DonT Follow1038 Words   |  5 PagesJack Kevorkian seems to resonate deeply with the proponents of legalizing marijuana use, despite it originally referring to assisted suicide. The legalization of marijuana use had become one of the biggest hot button issues of the last decade, and is being fiercely debated across the United States. First made illegal in 1970 with the passing of the Controlled Substances Act, which declared it an addictive drug with no medical value, many are now fighting against this law, citing medicinal uses andRead MoreThe Legal Status Of Marijuana1087 Words   |  5 Pages Furthermore, there are other articles that gave reliable information about the legal status of marijuana. This is important to know because legal ramifications is a very important aspect of the topic. These sources give information pertaining where it is legal and why it is not legal in other states. The article from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov divulged into the legal status. This thoroughly explained how the FDA currently does not approve the drug due to lack of scientific research. It also explainedRead MoreEthical Issues with Legalization of Marijuana Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesDonna Lowe SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility Prof. Donna Falloon May 16, 2011 Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind only alcohol and tobacco, and is estimated that nearly 80 million Americans use it at least one occasion.    According to government surveys, some 20 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 11 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Being used for medicinal purposes or simplyRead MoreEssay on The Medical Marijuana Debate1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The medical use of marijuana has been a discussion that has been in the news and all around us recently. This is currently a hot topic of interest. There is an enormous amount of evidence that marijuana could be effect against many things. For example evidence shows it could be used to help relieve pain during chemotherapy, but along with this there is also evidence that at times marijuana can cause harm to someone as well. As nurses we must see each side of the debate to make ourRead MoreEmergence of New Technology during the World War I939 Words   |  4 PagesIncreasing use of Medical Marijuana There are several Americans who use the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with a hope of having full health and total well being. In the National Health Interview survey (NHIS) that was conducted in 2007, there was particular emphasis placed on CAM as used by most Americans and the result were that on estimation, 38% of the adults in America use CAM (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011). Marijuana has a long standingRead MoreHealth Policies and Health Determinants1438 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom an ethical standpoint. Decisions can be difficult, ethically when taking into consideration of the life, health or amount of money needed for the type of care given to a patient. Here are a few examples of medical technology perceptions that have changed of the last decade ethically: In-Vitro Fertilization The first child to ever be from using test tube techniques happened in the late 1970’s. Although many have applauded this new type of technology, there is an ethical issue on whetherRead MoreThe Role Of A Nurse Practitioner As An Advocate And Teacher1380 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosing and treating patients. The primary healthcare nurse practitioner (PHCNP) represents a â€Å"unique form of change agent for delivering services differently in a manner giving primacy to health and human complexity while delivering primary care medical services as a means of increasing and maintaining access†(Kooienga Carryer, 2015, p. 806). APNs have emerged as advocates for their community and must rely on evidence-based practice to ensure that they provide quality service. Educating patients

Police Officers And The Criminal Justice System - 1923 Words

For my practicum, the agency I am involved with is the East Pikeland Township Police Department. This police department serves the Kimberton area which is adjacent to Phoenixville. Police officers have a variety of responsibilities to maintain while on duty. Their primary responsibility is to maintain peace and order within the community they are serving (DeLisi, 2010). With the important responsibilities that a police department possesses, it plays a vital role in the criminal justice system. Many people do not see the extent of what police officers do for their community. The media has a way of distorting the views people have. News channels and various television shows only broadcast what will get the attention of as many people as possible. Getting the attention of millions of people is sometimes easier by showing the negative situations. If the media started showing more of the positive situations that police officers were involved in, many people would start to see that police officers should be looked up to instead of feared. A police departments role for the community and the criminal justice system is skewed. A police departments role in the criminal justice system is providing public safety. One of the major duties a police department performs for the criminal justice system is law enforcement. Police officers contain the ability to arrest and detain violators of the law. This power is used to keep the community safe in contrast to what the media displays toShow MoreRelatedPolice Officer And The Criminal Justice System Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you hear the words ‘police officer’, what is the first thing that comes to mind? The people that protect us from the bad guys, right? Well, that might be the stereotypical answer, but is that really what we all think? Most would agree that in today s society, the words do not have the same positive correlation anymore. It is actually almost the complete opposite. Police officers and othe rs in the criminal justice system have created a poor reputation for themselves from the actions they haveRead MorePolice Officers And The Criminal Justice System1506 Words   |  7 PagesIt seems as if all you hear in the news today is tragic deaths involving unarmed black men and white â€Å"trigger-happy† police officers. But is that really the case? Is this a race thing? The media has hand-picked the leading stories to share with you. We often ask ourselves, â€Å"were these shootings justified?† But during this time of heightened concern all around the world about policing, a more essential question might be â€Å"Were we justified in sending them?† We can sit here and over analyze multipleRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreThe Concepts Of A New Criminal Justice System1695 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine the concepts of a new criminal justice. It will also discuss why the concept requires the involvement of the entire community and why it may be difficult to implement. There will also be information on programs that promote safe neighborhoods and why communities may like and dislike these different programs. A new criminal justice is a theory that has been talked about for plenty of years now. In many cases this theory is to improve the criminal justice system and make it better for not onlyRead MorePolicing1068 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Perla M. Flores CJA/484 Criminal Justice Administration Capstone March 10, 2014 Fran Hart Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Ethics in criminal justice administration is a very important aspect because professionals within the criminal justice system make important decisions every day that involves critical thinking, and the choices they make will have an impact in society;Read MoreDefinition Of The Criminal Justice System901 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of the criminal justice system according to Oxford Dictionaries is, â€Å"The system of law enforcement that is directly involved in apprehending, prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing those who are suspected or convicted of criminal offenses.† The criminal justice system is very important in America. It means a lot to the people to know that justice will be served when due. Some people disagree with the criminal justice system, and believe that people are not served justice. There areRead MoreCrime And Crime : The Criminal Justice System Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesof criminal activity, legal processes of the criminal just ice system, and how criminal offenders are processed. Canada’s criminal justice system comprises and constitutes various stages and components. The criminal justice system is a significant tool and entity in the proper and effective justifiable administration of justice. Also, the criminal justice system aims to adhere to different goals, principles, and provisions central to administration of justice and legal processes. The criminal justiceRead MoreCriminal Justice1385 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Criminal justice Criminal Justice Trends Criminal justice field is growing every day. It grows with the help of technology and society. When the technology evolves and society grows the criminal justice has to evolve and grow to fit the society needs. Whether it is an easy or hard change the criminal justice system never fails us. With any state the criminal justice system is to protect and serve the community so the more it evolves the more the system has to. The followingRead MoreWhy Ut Nor Atm Would Slingshot Me Into A Career Of Law Enforcement1532 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable to a senior majoring in Criminal Justice who plans to pursue a career in law enforcement. Students must maintain a grade point average of 3.0, there is also the James C. Boswell Scholarship: it may be granted for the fall and spring semesters to deserving undergraduate students in the College of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University who have demonstrated financial need and who are seeking to pursue a degree in law enforcement or affil iated Criminal Justice disciplines. Students mustRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is one of multiple forms of racial discrimination which involves unjustifiable violence by police officers. This term was first referred to in the works of the American press as early as 1872 in a report of a policeman beating of a civilian. These targeted civilian groups by police officers typically are those from powerless groups like minorities (Latinos and African-Americans), the youth, as well as the poor. There has been a notable lack of commitment in the criminal justice system

Sam Harris Thesis Review Free Essays

â€Å"Morality and values depend on the existence of conscious minds—and specifically on the fact that such minds can experience various forms of well-being and suffering in this universe. Conscious minds and their states are natural phenomena, of course, fully constrained by the laws of Nature (whatever these turn out to be in the end). Therefore, there must be right and wrong answers to questions of morality and values that potentially fall within the purview of science. We will write a custom essay sample on Sam Harris Thesis Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this view, some people and cultures will be right (to a greater or lesser degree), and some will be wrong, with respect to what they deem important in life. (Harris, 2011) This is Sam Harris’s thesis in his book The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values. This proposition purports science can answer questions about morality. Science is about empirical evidence not social norms or accepted moral standards (morality). His stance on morality is centered on naturalistic fallacy. It is the thought that morality is the result of evolution and social conditioning. (Craig 2012) The laws of nature do not determine right or wrong behavior with relativity to the conscious mind. We as humans do not become more moral as we evolve. As situations around us change our morals change based on what’s more beneficial to us. â€Å"We are selfish to one degree or another; we lack complete information about the consequences of our actions; and even where we possess such information, our interests and preferences often lead us to ignore it. † Harris states. (Harris, 2011) However, his thesis contradicts this statement. I agree with many other critics of Harris† regarding his idea of well being. He does not define well being or what justifies it. If well being is a part of the science of morality what can increase or decrease well being? How can well being be the foundation for morality? I do agree with him that our minds can experience much suffering. However, the measure of suffering is not a science. The laws of nature do not determine if our response to unpleasant situations or suffering is right or wrong as he suggests. Philosophers believe morality comes from the soul. Scientist believe morality comes from certain areas of the brain. There are many tests out to study brain functions. These tests display activities in certain areas of the brain that respond to an emotional stimulus. Although scientist continues to research this issue, no network of nerves has been found to determine the process of moral cognition. (Young Dungan, 2011) Science does not tell us how to live or explain the differences between right and wrong. Morality is based on a school of thought. Morality does not appear in any type of science. Our morals change as our culture change. Right and wrong is determined in the court of public opinion. How to cite Sam Harris Thesis Review, Papers

Organization Development and Change- Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? 2.Consider the design of scripts for use in Call Centres, can you see Taylorism in that? Explain. 3.This clip is showing history from 100 years ago. Some would say that the world has moved on and these ideas are out of date. However, could there be parts of the world today for which these ideas might be just what they need? Explain. 4.How would you describe Toyota's Culture using the sevendimensions of Organisational Culture and/ or the Cultural Web? Answers: Ford and Taylorism Henry ford in the year 1908 established a motor car company so that it could provide the customers a cheap and simple car to travel in. he adopted the principles of Taylor so that the workers can be managed in an efficient manner so that the production of the cars in a cheaper way and supplied at a cheaper rate to the customers. The video gives a proper idea on the principles established by Taylor that the work of the employees can be increased if they are assigned a particular task according to their capability and strength. This introduction of the assembly line will help the workers in transporting the bodies of the car in an easy manner, which will provide the other workers in the line to be ready with its products. This will help in consuming lesser amount of time, as the time will get reduced for assembling a single car. This will further result in producing more number of cars, which will help the company in achieving better profits (Vidal 2015). The employees who have gathered experience in this field will be retained within the organization by attractive packages so that the employees can be motivated within the work place. This will result in better productivity of the organization and the employees will be committed towards the goals and objectives of the company. Another significant portion in the video was the lack of trade union, which often hampers the line of production. Due to the discipline that was maintained within the production line, the employees did not found any encouragement in forming the trade unions. This further resulted in the lack of job security for the employees, as those with low rate of productivity were made to quit from the organization (Waring 2016). 1.In the modern era, it can be seen that the workers who are based in Australia, Europe or America will not be accepting the truest form of Taylorism that was in operation during the previous period. The changes in times have led to the development of the technology, which has further led to automation in the production process. Therefore, the use of old methods will not be acceptable by the workers. The theory needs to be modified based on the basic foundation, which will help the workers in the modern world to be more efficient and productive within the work place (Witzel and Warner 2015). 2.The theory that has been suggested by Taylor can be applied in the call centres to some extent and not the entire theory as a whole. The operations that take place within the call centre have been divided in to various sectors, which specialize in its functions. The expertise of the employees help in dividing the work within the call centre and the jobs are assigned by studying the capability of the employees within the work place (Sinha and Gabriel 2016). 3.There are many industries that are present across the globe, which may require the application of the insights that has been mentioned in the video. The scientific management is the basic theory that has been identified by Taylor in the previous century, although this theory has an effect that can be felt in the modern times as well. The principles with respect to the division of work and the employees who work hard needs to be rewarded along with the implication of the production techniques that are simple in nature are some of the golden rules for starting up a new business venture. The use of the principles in an effective manner can help in guaranteeing success to the business enterprises (Witzel and Warner 2015). Toyotas corporate culture and the problem of spreading its culture The Toyota Company is one of the best companies in the world with respect to its line of production. The company does not follow a stereotypical approach within its production unlike the other motor companies and the management keeps on constantly changing its principles. It has adopted an innovative style approach, which has led to innovation within its organizational culture. The employees receive motivation in coming up with better insights if any problems are identified within the organization. This helps the company in gaining a competitive advantage over the rival motor company (Cummings and Worley 2014). The company has shown humility in all the stages, as it can be seen that the employees who are working in various levels are important for the success and the growth of the company. the management has also taken the initiative of driving the cars themselves before launching it in the market shows that they are committed to deliver the best products to the customers. The company has also managed to seize the opportunity by recalling a large amount of vehicles in the United States. This helps in demonstrating the fact that they are committed towards excellence and sell the products at a right price to the customers. The management considers the challenges as opportunities, which helps them in diminishing the level of competition in the market (Deresky 2017). The employees of the company are made to undergo training so that their skills can be developed in a better manner, which will help the company in developing the products at a faster rate. It also helps the employees in innovating the products on a constant manner, which helps them in aligning themselves with the mission statement and values of the company. 4.The culture within the organization has a shared perception between the employees and the management and can be understood through the 7 dimensions that are present in the culture of organization. They are as follows: Risk takers and innovation- The Company is innovative in its production line and constantly encourages innovation among the employees at every stage of the design process. This has led to the decision of calling back more than 8 million vehicles, which had a faulty acceleration (Henson 2016). Detailed attention- The employees of the company pay lot of attention to the details of the vehicles and are disciplined in their action while carrying out their responsibilities. This has made the company to meet its organizational culture in an efficient manner. Oriented towards results- The primary aim of the company is to deliver premium products to its customers and shows no hesitation when recalling the products fromn the market if the required standards are not met in a proper manner (Mann 2014). Oriented towards people- The Company is keen on giving priority to its employees. This helps them in showing a humble approach towards the employees so that the success their success can be shared with the employees as well. Team work- The employees of the company are provided better facilities so that they work in collaboration. This helps the company in producing more number of vehicles and efficiently communicating with the employees across the different levels (Henson 2016). Aggressive- The Company shows aggression towards the products that are being delivered by them, which helps them in maintaining a better position in the market than its competitors and the employees of the company can aim for higher results within the organization. Stability- The Company is stable enough with respect to the investment of capital, which can be seen after it recalled its vehicles due to a fault in their production activities. This shows that the company can make better strategic decisions that would help in ensuring that the stability of the firm can be restored again in the market (Mann 2014). Reference List Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Henson, R., 2016. Building an Organizational Global Mindset Culture: Implications for Practice. InSuccessful Global Leadership(pp. 261-283). Palgrave Macmillan US. Mann, D., 2014.Creating a lean culture: tools to sustain lean conversions. CRC Press. Sinha, S. and Gabriel, Y., 2016. 5 Call Centre Work: Taylorism with a Facelift.Re-Tayloring Management: Scientific Management a Century On, p.87. Vidal, M., 2015. Fordism and the Golden Age of Atlantic Capitalism.The SAGE Handbook of the Sociology of Work and Employment, p.283. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books. Witzel, M. and Warner, M., 2015. Taylorism revisited: culture, management theory and paradigm-shift.Journal of General Management,40(3), pp.55-70.

Europe Straining Under a Pension System Burden

Introduction Globally, workforce management is becoming a challenge with time owing to the increasing burden of pension systems. Different countries across the world have devised diverse pension systems, which are unique to their needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Europe Straining Under a Pension System Burden specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, in Europe, the pension system has become an economic liability because people retire at an early age of 55 or 65 when they are still productive. Moreover, the aging population of Europe has led to a decline in gross domestic product. Vance and Paik describe the pension system of Europe as a burden because it is economically unsustainable (352). Factors that make the pension system burdensome to the government include the declining value of pension schemes in stock markets owing to intermittent financial crises, loss of workforce through aging population and early retirement, and increased spending on pension systems. Therefore, this essay explains how companies can adjust the mix of retirement benefits, recommends possible incentives that could reverse the trend of a burdening compensation system, and eventually examines implications for human resource planning. Adjustment of Compensation Packages To fit the current needs of compensation packages in Western Europe, companies should adjust benefits according to the amount of earnings, the number of credits earned, and the age of retirement. The benefits should be commensurate with one’s earnings to prevent retirees from earning more than what they contributed to the social security, as in the case of the compensation benefits in the United States.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The adjustment of benefits according to earnings is appropriate because it would relieve Weste rn Europe of the pension system burden, which is increasing with time. According to Social Security Administration, employees should earn at least 40 credits, which is equivalent to at least 10 years of work to become eligible for retirement benefits (4). The adjustment of benefits according to the credits earned or the number of years worked fits the compensation needs of Western Europe because employees are yearning to reach retirement age in spite of their retirement savings. The most crucial adjustment of benefits is increasing the age of retirement and changing benefits system. In the United States, the early eligibility age for retirement is 62, wherein employees can claim retirement benefits early at the age of 62 or delay until full retirement age of 67 (Knoll and Olsen 22). The amount of retirement benefits claimed progressively increases from the early eligibility age of 62 to full retirement age of 67. Hence, increasing the retirement age in Western Europe and distributin g the retirement benefits according to the time of a claim would significantly discourage the culture of early retirement among Europeans. Compensation Package Incentives The possible compensation package incentives, which would reverse the trend of early retirement, change the cultural expectation that is in Western Europe, and promote retention of employees, are the provision of monthly bonus, allowance of flexible working schedules, provision of long-term care insurance, and increment of retirement benefits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Europe Straining Under a Pension System Burden specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to earnings, potential retirees require monthly bonus as incentives for the period that they work after reaching their eligible retirement age. Given that potential retirees are productive, the provision of flexible working schedules as benefits would encourage them to continue worki ng despite reaching their retirement age. Additional benefits such as long-term care insurance would entice employees not to retire early lest they lose the benefits. The increment of retirement benefits according to retirement age is an effective compensation package incentive. Knoll and Olsen argue that the increment of retirement benefits delays claiming and discourages early retirement (21). In this case, employees in Europe would change their cultural expectation of retiring at the age of 60 because they will earn minimal retirement benefits. Implications for Human Resource Planning The loss of experienced employees at the age of 60 when they are still productive is a great loss to organizations, companies, and governments. Given that it is expensive to recruit, train, and retain employees, early retirement of employees causes a great loss of human resources. To avert the loss of human resources through early retirement, long-term human resource planning is essential. In essenc e, the human resource management should recruit, train, and retain the young employees, but not the old employees, because they have many years to make immense contributions before they reach their retirement age. Moreover, early retirement can discourage employees from working in Europe and cause brain drain. Employees can migrate to countries with a higher retirement age and better employment benefits than European countries. Conclusion The increasing burden of the pension system in Europe is becoming an economic liability because it is unsustainable. Reforms are necessary to adjust compensation benefits to be in line with those of the United States.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Adjustment of the compensation benefits to reflect the amount of earnings, the number of credits earned, and the age of retirement fits the needs of Western Europe. To discourage early retirement, change cultural expectations, and improve the retention of employees, the provision of monthly bonus, flexible working schedules, long-term care insurance, and better retirement benefits are the possible incentives. Overall, the implication of this case for long-term human resource planning is that it promotes recruitment, training, and retention of young employees and prevents brain drain in Europe. Works Cited Knoll, Melissa, and Anya Olsen. â€Å"Incentivizing delayed claiming of social security  benefit before reaching the full retirement age.† Social Security Bulletin 74.4 (2014): 21-43. Print. Social Security Administration. Retirement benefits. 2015. Web. https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10035.pdf Vance, Charles, and Yongsun Paik. Managing a Global Workforce: Challenges and  Opportunities in International Human Resource Management. New York: Routledge, 2014. Print. This essay on Europe Straining Under a Pension System Burden was written and submitted by user Brady Morton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage Debate

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage Debate Free Online Research Papers Gay pride! It is a statement that brings forth a very touchy argument in politics today. Of the many current issues in American politics today, one that seems to stay at the top of the list is the issue of same-sex marriage. Should same-sex marriages be legalized in the United States? Some say no, because it goes against tradition, religion, and much more, while others, gays and straights alike, believe yes, because it will bring equality to all. The answer to this question, however, if this country were to follow the ideals of those who walked before, should be â€Å"no.† It seems that as time goes on, however, Americans tend to drift farther and farther away from the ideals and morals that were held by its forefathers. Same-sex marriage should not be made legal because of what it stands for sin an immorality, goes against the Christian religion and the traditional marriage, and may lead to the acceptance of a lifestyle that is not culturally normal. The first British colonists who settled in America were Protestants and Puritans who were searching for religious freedom from the Church of England. It should be no surprise then, that the United States Constitution was put in place to protect this religious freedom. If the Constitution was set in place to protect all religions, why then would America try to pass a law that goes against at least one religion: Christianity? In the Christian religion, homosexuality is viewed as evil and sinful. The Bible says in I Corinthians 6:9-10, â€Å"Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God (The Bible, 1st Corinthians 6:9-10).† This nation is supposed to be â€Å"One nation, under God† but yet it seems some are fighting for a cause that goes completely against God and the Christian religion. The legalization of same-sex marriage will cause homosexuals to go further into the sinful lifestyle in which they already participate in. It will give gays an â€Å"incentive for them to remain trapped in a lie† (Rios par. 8). America must treat homosexuals with love and compassion in order to help them to overcome the gripping temptations of homosexuality. â€Å"Treat others as you wish to be treated.† This is the â€Å"golden rule† in which American children are taught in schools and churches. This pertains to the treatment of homosexuals as well. Without love and compassion, homosexuals will be unwilling to change their sinful ways. In the Declaration of Independence, it is stated that all people are created equal and have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In other words, everyone is free to live their life as they choose and desire, including homosexuals, however, â€Å"by insisting that the law create a counterfeit version of marriage, [homosexuals] are looking to use government power to force [their lifestyle] on everyone† (Rios par. 9). The media is one of the leading tools in the fight for the legalization of same-sex marriage. Dr. Mark Hartman states in his sermon, The Truth about Homosexuality, â€Å"The media has become obsessed with pushing the homosexual lifestyle to the front and center of our culture.† Television shows and movies are starting to contain homosexuality more and more. And, â€Å"In every case, the homosexual is depicted in a positive light, and anyone who disagrees with that lifestyle is depicted in a negative light† (Hartman 1). An example of this is the television show, Will and Grace. In this series, a gay man and a straight woman live together in perfect harmony. It portrays Will as a normal American citizen with a high-end job (lawyer). The only catch is that he is gay. America is able to sympathize and accept his lifestyle because he’s funny and charming. As far as Americans are concerned, he is just another human being. Media propaganda is being used as an effective tool to brainwash the public in sympathizing with and accepting homosexuality. The media is using a tactic of normality; the more America sees this â€Å"acceptable† view of homosexuality, the easier it is to accept it. This propaganda technique is being used so effectively with one sided figures that Americans fail to see the dark side of this lifestyle because it is practically nonexistent in the mainstream of media. Americans are not shown the gross, immoral sexual lives homosexuals actually live. We do not see the many diseases that transmitted by participation in such a lifestyle. Diseases such as AIDS, Herpes, Hepatitis, and many, many more are very common in the gay community. In 2004, an estimated 415,193 people were living with AIDS in the United States. Of that number, 77% were male and of that percentage, 58% were men who had sex with other men (Noble 1). Although mainstream media portrays homosexuals as all being talented, creative, smart, cute, sweet, and funny, this is not how all actually are. Not all gays dress and act as they are portrayed on television. In fact, gays are pretty, ugly, smart, unintelligent, well dressed, ill dressed, nice, rude, funny, unfunny, and hold jobs from high-end executives to auto shop mechanics. They are just like every other American in most aspects except for their sexual preference. Some homosexuals have kept their homosexuality hidden so well, not even their family and friends are aware of it. Another factor in the wide acceptance of the homosexual lifestyle is the mistaken belief that sexual orientation is determined at birth. In other words, people are born either homosexual or heterosexual, it is not a choice. Researchers said that they had found a gene pattern linked to male homosexuality in July of 1993. Principle Researcher, Dean Hamer, a homosexual himself as well as a homosexual political activist, stated, â€Å"This study shows that sexual orientation is powerfully influenced by inherited genes. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is an important genetic component to sexual orientation† (Hartman 3). Hamer’s article was given to the media who immediately provided quick and widespread coverage. Three years later, in 1996, Hamer’s co-author stated that Hamer â€Å"had selectively reported his data in ways that changed the conclusions of the study.† And later it was â€Å"admitted that no genetic link to homosexuality has been found after all† (Hartman 4). Many people have not heard this new news, however, because it was not as widely covered by the media as was the original statement that people are born homosexual. Gays wish to have legal same-sex marriage for more reasons than just having the intangible benefits of enjoying the official title and the social privilege. There are many legal privileges and tangible benefits that come with marriage which gays are unable to receive due to the Defense of Marriage Act, which was passed in 1996 (Wolfson 4). In this act, â€Å"the government catalogued more than 1,049 ways in which married people are accorded special status under law†¦that makes more than 1,049 ways in which lesbian and gay couples are ripped off† (Wolfson 4). In other words, without a marriage license, same-sex couples are denied many of the benefits that normal couples take for granted. Benefits such as: social security, retirement, health care, and child custody. â€Å"A surviving civil union partner can be denied about $10,000 a year in federal Social Security benefits† (Sauer 9). Next to the benefits derived from marriage, gays wish to gain the public titl e of marriage for personal reasons as well. Marriage†¦is a social statement, describing and defining one’s relationships and place in society. It is also a personal statement of commitment that receives public support and†¦has spiritual†¦ and familial significance (Wolfson 4). Gays want legal marriage in order to make their love public. Marriage is the way straight people talk of love and family (Wolfson 4). Gays want marriage for the same reason that straight people want to get married: for love and for commitment. The legalization of gay marriage can harm the traditional version of marriage. Same-sex marriage will cheapen the real thing by causing marriage itself to lose support in the law and culture (Rios par. 2). Marriage has already been weakened by the legalization of divorce. Marriage has been historically defined as a contractual unit binding a couple in a lifelong relationship of love, service, and devotion (Kohm 82). If same-sex marriages are made legal, the ethical views toward homosexuality will be weakened even further. It will cancel the traditional view of marriage as being a binding union between two people in which â€Å"each must be of a different sex from the other, one male and one female† (Kohm 83). Same-sex marriage will also destroy the normal family settings by creating motherless and fatherless households. â€Å"Studies have shown that children raised in married households have the best chance for health and happiness† (Rios par. 6). By legalizing same-sex marriage, America will unwillingly teach future generations that sexual immorality and impurity is acceptable and normal. By legalizing same-sex marriages, children will be taught, in schools, that homosexuality is normal and healthy, and may be placed in homosexual households (Rios par. 5). Society defines for its young what is normal and what is not (Gallagher 18). If children see same-sex couples, they will view that as a normal and acceptable lifestyle of relationships. Marriage is the â€Å"social and legal prominence [which] informs young lovers about the end toward which they aspire, the outward meaning of their most urgent, personal impulses† (Gallagher 19). It is almost as if Americans are becoming too lazy or scared to stick up for their beliefs so instead they are simply accepting the immorality so that they can just go on with their daily lives. It seems that America has taken on the new belief system of, â€Å"if it makes them happy and does not directly affect me, it is ok and I will vote in favor of it.† On the flipside, however, it seems that Americans may be getting off of their couches in order to make their opinions heard. In 2000, 61% of Californians voted against same-sex marriage (Rios par. 10) and recent polls have shown that â€Å"Americans are beginning to wake up and realize that what they thought was a campaign of tolerance toward homosexuals is, in reality, a concerted effort to force them through government, media and corporate power to celebrate homosexuality† (Rios par. 11). When asked if same-sex marriage should be made legal in the United States 61% adults under the age of 30 said yes and 35% s aid no; among adults 65 and older, 18% said yes and 73% said no (Hertzberg par. 6). This shows how Americans really feel about the issue of same-sex marriage: for the most part they disagree. It seems that America may be realizing that the legalization of same-sex marriage is not the answer. The reasons against the legalization of same-sex marriage far outweigh the reasons for it. The legalization of same-sex marriage may bring equality to the homosexual division in a country that has always been more kind to the heterosexual front, but it will forever change the morals and ideals that this country has fought to protect. It does seem, however, that this argument may be coming to a decisive end. Hopefully, America is coming to its senses to put a stop to this argument, and to say â€Å"no† to the legalization of same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriages can not be made legal because it stands for immorality and sin, will lead to the destruction of the traditional institution of marriage, goes against the Christian religion, and will cause the American society to overtime accept the immorality of homosexuality as normal and just. Bible, New International Version, The. 1973. Colorado Springs, CO: International Bible Society, 1984. International Bible Society. 2005. 17 Oct 2005. . Gallagher, Maggie. Normal Marriage: Two Views. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 13-21. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Hartman, Mark. The Truth About Homosexuality. Sugar Creek Baptist Church. Worship Center, Sugar Land, TX. 30 June 2005. Hertzberg, Hendrick. Comment: Wedding Blitz. New Yorker 15 Mar 2004: 80.4: 61-62. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Kohm, Lynne Marie. Marriage by Design. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 81-85. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Noble, Rob. United States HIV AIDS Statistics Summary. AVERT.org. 23 Nov. 2005. AVERT. 26 Nov. 2005 . Rios, Sandy. How Does Gay Marriage Hurt the Traditional Thing? Lets Count the Ways. Hispanic Mar 2004: 17.3: 70. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Sauer, Rachel. MarriedBut Not. Palm Beach Post 7 Mar 2004: 1D+. SIRS Researcher. Proquest. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Wolfson, Evan. All Together Now. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 3-5. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Research Papers on Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage DebateComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Knowledge Management business and economy Essay

Knowledge Management business and economy - Essay Example Users can view information in a context they understand, providing a more efficient and intuitive way to communicate. To achieve this kind of enterprise-wide information integration, companies need to describe and share, in a common way, the data in their disparate data sources. This should include the business description associated with the information asset, as well as location, connection details, data type details, and the information's relationship with other resources. Sharing this information leads to an increased visibility of information across an enterprise, shorter development times, and reduced operational costs as the organization can discover and eliminate redundant information sources. The author explored in this paper how metadata repositories and data mining are used in knowledge management and how Metadata and Data Mining Management streamline the application development process by reducing the development, deployment, and maintenance costs. This is made possible by the use of Metadata Repositories and Data Mining for logical, physical, and process aspects of the application environment, when tracking versions of the code and documenting all aspects of the application development life cycle. According to Brackett (2000), by providing a complete, integrated view of the development environment, Metadata helps identify redundant processes and applications, thereby reducing duplicated efforts. Developers can share and reuse existing objects such as data structures, programs, model definitions, and more. In addition, enterprise impact analysis greatly reduces the analysis and maintenance phase of the development life cycle. In his paper, English (1999), stressed that "to achieve enterprise-wide information integration, companies need to describe and share, in a common way, the data in their different data sources. This should include the business description associated with the information asset, as well as its location, connection details, data type details, and the information's relationship with other resources. Sharing this information leads to an increased visibility across an enterprise, shorter development times, reduced operational costs as redundant information sources are identified and eliminated, and improved data quality as organizations begin to reuse approved information. The best way to manage and share this information is through a centralized Enterprise Repository that drives the connections between data, process, and applications, enforces standards, and is available to all employees". The need for a Metadata Repository is recognized when the number of applications in an organization increases and the time to design these applications decreases. However, most often they focus primarily on implementing a tool and neglect the Metadata Management aspect. This results in a Repository that is easily accessible, but not often used because the information lacks

Frank Lyod Wright and Louis Sullivan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frank Lyod Wright and Louis Sullivan - Essay Example Louis Sullivan, one of the great architects of the last half of the 19th century, was a brilliant artist with both practical office experience and a year at the famed cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris before entering a partnership with Dankmar Adler in 1879. Credited with being the first to give an appropriate form to the steel skyscraper, he was a precursor of American modernism and managed to produce the only forward-looking design of the 1893 World's Colombian Exposition in Chicago.1 Unfortunately and unfairly, this designer of dozens of lauded buildings, who helped reshape the manner of building structure and aesthetics, is primarily known today for one thing-his role as Frank Lloyd Wright's Sullivan's famous motto of "form follows function" influenced Wright immensely and was a major reason why Wright considered Sullivan his only influence. That the relationship was mutual is demonstrated by the events of 1889. In that year Wright married Catherine Lee Clark Tobin, and Sullivan loaned him the enormous sum of $5,000 to buy property in Oak Park, Illinois and build a house.4 His willingness to help Wright illustrates the mutual respect between the employer and employee at this time. Although one of his early works, the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio in Oak Park can be considered a workshop, used by the architect to begin developing some intriguing concepts. The initial construction phase of 1889 "exhibits features that portend the mature Wright's philosophy of architecture: the emphasis on pure geometric forms, the broad, sheltering roof, the use of natural materials and the unity of building and site".5 These features blurred the distinctions between inside and outside, and marked a growing integration of landscape and construction. In addition, the interior was focused around the fireplace and astonishingly open in design, with none of the Victorian hierarchy of divided spaces evident. Wright continued designing houses in Oak Park on the side, and this conflict of interest led to Sullivan firing him in 1893.6 Never one to stop working, Wright simply opened his own office and specialized in domestic architecture. By 1902 he designed his first Prairie house, a style defined by horizontal orientation, rows of small windows, low-pitched roofs featuring overhanging eaves and an open interior plan with a central fireplace.7 With its definitive wood and stucco exterior, it also works in conjunction with the suburban setting. Its cruciform plan is designed so that the movement from one wing to the next is diagonal, and these 45 degree angles are featured in other parts of the house.8 This epoch construction, completely distinct from Sullivan's verticality, would not have been possible had he not been fired. Decades of both personal and professional trouble followed, but Wright weathered the strenuous difficulties and re-emerged in the 1950's. His most famous project from this final stage is undoubtedly the Wright, Frank Lloyd, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of 1956-1959. Completed after his death and considered Wright's "great swansong",9 it is an exercise in pushing concrete to the limits of plasticity. After entering the inverted swirl, visitors move to the top via elevators and proceed "downward at a leisurely pace on the gentle slope of a continuous ramp".10 This final monument vividly illustrates how far Wright progressed from the early stages of his career. However, the first Wright building to feature an internal spiral ramp was the V. C. Morris Gift Shop of 1949, designed concurrently to the Guggenheim project.11 Inside are display cases and shelves that follow

Development of Computer Technology

Development of Computer Technology Nowadays we can hardly see people live without either a desktop computer, a laptop or even a tablet. As we are moving towards a technology free-world era, our lives are literally revolve around technology and technical devices. Technology advancement has no doubt successfully ease people’s life. They have made things function in a more simpler and systematic ways. Imagine an accountant who has pile and pile of paperwork and storing them using the traditional ways? In order to able access old files, these accountants have to search for many files in their archives for ages. However, with the help of computers, these accountants only required to key in their file code, and they can easily retrieve the old files which they required. Hence, the creation of computers in the mid-70s has contributed a lot to the society whereby able to simplify the everyday task of everyone. The term computers is being defined as how a person able to perform numerical calculations with the aid of a computing mechanical devices (Oak, 2011). In the mid-70s, the pivotal objective in creating a computer is to tackle the future paperless office culture, and thus to make the interaction between people and the digital documents easier (Holmquist, 2005). According to Holmquist (2015), the first computer was created in Xerox PARC research lab. However, the computers that we are using todays have been evolved through many generations. Most of us not even realized that the first computer – Abacus, was created in 2400 BC by John Napier (Oak, 2011). The computers which created in the first generation are normally created using vacuum tubes, hence computers in this generation are normally expensive and bulky (Oak, 2011). In the second generation, vacuum tubes computers are replaced by transistor (Oak, 2011). Computers which are created by transistors are smaller and cheaper, and thus they are more energy efficient (Oak, 2011). However, computers build with transistors tend to release a lot of heat from the computers (Oak, 2011). Computers in the third generation are built with integrated circuits, which then evolved to computers that are built with silicon chip in the fourth generation (Oak, 2011). In the fifth generation, more and more evolution have been took place and now it is still continuously developing (Oak, 2011). Hence, in the light of completing the task of this assignment, the product that I would like to choose to enhance is laptop computers. The laptop computer that I have chosen to make modification is Acer Aspire V5 laptop series. The model which I have chosen is Aspire V5-431. The reason I chose this series of laptop computer is because this design of this laptop is nice, and laptop also comes with a reasonable price where everyone is able to afford to purchase. This motto of the design of this series of laptop is â€Å"thin, light and charismatic† (Acer, 2014). The size of this laptop is 23mm in height, 342mm in width, and 245mm in depth (Acer, 2014). The weight of this laptop is approximately 2.10kg (Acer, 2014). According to Acer (2014), the operating system of this laptop is â€Å"Linpus Linux†, processor’s manufacturer is â€Å"Intel†, the processor type is â€Å"Celeron† with the processor model of 1007U and the processor speed is 1.50GHz. This series of laptop possess â€Å"Dual-core† processor core. Besides that, this series of laptop possess 2GB memory which can maximize to 8GB (Acer, 2014). The memory technology which is being used in this laptop is DDR3 SDRAM (Acer, 2014). This laptop only have 2 memory slots, and it also possess memory card reader (Acer, 2014). The type of memory card which can be read by this laptop are MultiMediaCard (MMC) and Secure Digital (SD) (Acer, 2014). Moreover, the hard drive capacity of this laptop is 500GB with a hard drive interface of â€Å"Serial ATA†, and it also has a DVD writer (Acer, 2014). The screen size of this laptop is 14†, the display screen type is â€Å"Active Matrix TFT Color LCD† with HD screen mode and LED backlight technology (Acer, 2014). The screen resolution is 1366 x 768, Intel is the graphic controller manufacturer, and the graphic controller model is HD graphics (Acer, 2014). The graphic memory technology which is being used is DDR3 SDRAM (Acer, 2014). The network and communication of this laptop is using IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n for wireless LAN standard, Gigabit Ethernet for Ethernet technology, and the Bluetooth standard is 4.0+ HS (Acer, 2014). The built-in devices for this laptop are webcam and microphone (Acer, 2014). This laptop also equipped with HDMI interfaces, 3 USB ports (two USB 2.0 ports and one USB 3.0 port), and an Acer converter port (Acer, 2014). The input devices for this laptop are touchpad and keyboard (Acer, 2014). The type of battery use for this laptop is 4-cell Li-ion battery with a battery capacity of 2500 mAh, and the maximum battery run time is 4 hour (Acer, 2014). There are certain features I would like to add to this model, they are stylus pen, built-in printer and scanner, as well as using finger print to log in to laptop. With these features being installed in this laptop, this laptop will be suitable to be used by all kind of people. For example, it can bring benefits to businessmen, as they often required to print and scan important documents. Besides businessmen, even students or all class of people also able to benefit from using this laptop. Apart from that, with these features even all age range of people also can benefit from these features. 1. Stylus Pen Due to nowadays laptop possess touch screen, hence, it is wise to have a stylus pen being installed in this model of laptop. For instance, stylus pen made signing for documents, painting, drawing, and sketching easier (eBay, 2013). Moreover, for people who used to draw draft will be easier when using stylus pen. This is because stylus pen allow us to precisely do drafting. Moreover, for businessmen who always travel for business may find it useful because they can draw at any place and any time (Market Press Release, 2012). In fact, Matulic (2012) suggests that this innovation able to gain huge public acceptance. 2. Built-in printer and scanner Apart from the stylus pen, another new features that I propose to be added are built-in printer and scanner. This because for travel type of businessmen, it will be extreme troublesome for them to search for a print shop in a city which they are not familiar with. Though they are familiar with the city they are travelling, it is also difficult for them to find a printer shop in the middle of the night. Moreover, it also easier for them to print urgent documents at any place (Idea Storm, 2014). With the built-in scanner, it is easier for them to scan company documents which they have verified or signed to the recipient. These features able to save a lot of their time. 3. Use fingerprint to log in to laptop With lot of scam and fraud cases happened everyday, it is wise to use fingerprint to log in to laptop. With all the booming security issues, it is hopefully that with the install of fingerprint reader, this security issues could be tackle. The sole reason I propose this new feature is because everyone’s fingerprint is unique. No one has the same fingerprint. Hence, except the owner of the laptop, no one can have access to the laptop. Most of the time we will only lock our laptop using self-created password, however, password can be hacked (Berg, 2012). It means that by locking our laptop using password is very vulnerable. Besides that, using biometric password also bring benefit to people who often have trouble in remembering their self-created password (Burleson Consulting, 2014). Moreover, Heckle, Patrick Ozok (2007) study suggest that there are 88 percent of respondents say that using fingerprint to tackle personal security issue is very useful. The old features of this laptop actually should all be maintained. This is because people nowadays always like to bring their portable laptop computers everywhere they go, so that they will be able to do their work on the go. Besides that, there are analysts suggested that the demand for laptop computers in the emerging markets are still booming (King, 2011). According to King (2011), the market share for the demand of laptop computers have jumped approximately as much as 5.1 percent. The originally built-in features of this laptop – i.e. webcam and microphone, as well as the touchpad will still be maintained. For webcam, there are still people who used it to have video conferencing or teleconferencing. Besides that, microphone also comes in handy for people who are conducting video communication or telecommunication (Herman, 2009). For example, people who are using Skype in order to be able to communicate with their opponents will still require both of the webcam and microphone (Sherman, 2014). Lack of one of the tools above – i.e. webcam and microphone, will disable their medium of communication. Besides that, as for the touchpad, the creation of touchpad is to replace the use of a mouse. Since laptop is a portable computer, the creation of touchpad has saved the users a lot of energy in carrying an extra mouse (Crowder, 2014). Moreover, touchpad able to solve ergonomic issues, whereby users will feel more comfortable compared to the use of a mouse in a long term period (Hartman, 2014). Hence, the originally built-in features – i.e. webcam and microphone, as well as the touchpad should be remained. Moreover, the DVD-writer should not be removed, though it is kind of old school. However, there are still times we required to install computer’s software programs or games through DVD. Indeed Apple did release an iMac with no optical drive, as indicated by Apple’s senior vice president of worldwide marketing – Phil Schiller, in their product release conference in June 2010, by dropping the optical drive able to save more power consumed by the iMac (Zibreg, 2012). However, there are still users who find that without the installation of an optical drive on their laptop will be troublesome, as they cannot install software programs or games or play movie from CD or DVD, instead they need to download them all from the internet (The Answer Bank, 2014). So, what if the users have trouble in receiving the internet conception due to the place they are staying? Hence, I find that there are no more other features that should be removed from this laptop computer. The featur es or functions that are with this laptop are all serve their purpose in making this laptop computer to be aligned with the theme as â€Å"portable†. The principles that will be adopted in designing this new generation of laptop computers are technology acceptance model (TAM) and the six philosophy of Steve Jobs. 1. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) First of all, what is technology acceptance model or TAM? TAM actually is the being extended from the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Davis, 1986). The TRA suggests that the intention of an individual will have the impact in affecting one behavior (Park del Pobil, 2013). TAM is being used to explain the factors which able to affect one to use IT technology (Davis, 1989, 1993; Davis, Bagozzi Warshaw, 1989). In TAM there are five elements being tested, they are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (AT), intention to use (IU), and external variables (EV) (Park del Pobil, 2013). PEOU is how one perceive that the use of technology is effortless; PU is how one perceive that the use of technology able help them to solve their problem; both PEOU and PU as well as the external variables such as age or gender have the ability to influence one’s attitude towards technology (Park del Pobil, 2013). In the study conducted by Park del Pobil (2013), their study conform that these five elements possess the ability in influencing their acceptance on technology. 2. Six philosophy of Steve Jobs As Kuang (2011) identified, the key principles for Steve Jobs to design a product are â€Å"craft†, â€Å"empathy†, â€Å"focus†, â€Å"impute†, â€Å"user-friendliness†, and â€Å"simple†. According to Steve Jobs, though no one will ever find out what is inside the laptop, but it is important for the designer to craft the best elements to their consumers (Kuang, 2011). Hence, it is important for the designer to be empathy with the end users’ needs, then the designer should focus on to make the end users’ needs meet (Kuang, 2011). Impute is the first impression that the end users gain from the first glance of the product. Therefore, it is important for the designer to deliver the product in a professional manner in order to gain the positive impute from their potential consumers. Besides that, the product should be designed in a way that it is user friendliness (Kuang, 2011). This is because, if the first impression that the end users gain from the first glance of the product is uncomfortable and complicated. This â€Å"perceived† feeling will draw them for not purchasing the product, because it is not user friendliness. In spite of having the product being designed in a user friendly way, the product should also be designed in a way whereby the end users will feel that it is â€Å"simple† (Kuang, 2011). Simplicity is also one of the important elements for the end users to decide whether they should purchase the product or not. In short, the key principles that should be adopted in designing the new generation computers should possess both the elements from TAM as well as the key principles from Steve Jobs. Though there are plenty of principles that can be adopted, but I find that both the elements from TAM as well as the key principles from Steve Jobs are very useful in guiding one to design a product which able to gain wider public acceptance. In summary, as we are moving towards a technology free-world era, our lives are literally revolve around technology and technical devices. Technology advancement has no doubt successfully ease people’s life. They have made things function in a more simpler and systematic ways. In order to accomplish this assignment, the laptop computer that I have chosen to make modification is Acer Aspire V5 laptop series. The model which I have chosen is Aspire V5-431. The reason I chose this series of laptop computer is because this design of this laptop is nice, and laptop also comes with a reasonable price where everyone is able to afford to purchase. The features that I would like to propose to be added to this laptop computer are stylus pen, built-in printer and scanner, as well as using finger print to log in to laptop. With these features being installed in this laptop, this laptop will be suitable to be used by all kind of people. However, I find that the old features that are with this laptop computers should all be remained. As these old features do serve their purpose in making the laptop computer as a whole. There two principles which I have adopted in designing this new generation laptop computer. They are the five elements from TAM – i.e. perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (AT), intention to use (IU), and external variables (EV), and the six principles from Steve Jobs in designing computer products.

Different Symbolic Meanings of Animals in Poems Essay

In the poem â€Å"The Fish† written by Elizabeth Bishop, the story of the speaker’s moment catching a large fish was narrated. It was a sort of a descriptive writing wherein the speaker is using the first person recounts his/her story and what she thought and felt in that instance of catching a fish. But looking closely to the poem while analyzing the structure, the composition and the words used, we will be able to see that Elizabeth Bishop did not write just as a description of a memorable moment in a person’s life, it has a message lying under the verses. The speaker in the poem was describing herself while on her boat, in the middle of a particular body of water, while holding the fish that she caught in her hands, she has described the fish as â€Å"battered and venerable and homely†. In her description, any reader would see that the words she used possessed sympathy and boldness. The fish that the speaker was talking about has a shiny grey mouth which was filled with different hooks, and Bishop used this part of the poem to explicitly symbolize pain and suffering, and it is an instance for the speaker to face up to that which is by and large introverted and not seen. But together with her highly crafted, emotionally stressed description, the speaker can be seen as an advocate of art who possess an ability to interpret this suffering or agony just by using the concept of a â€Å"five haired beard of wisdom. † As the speaker commemorates her mastery as the only one who has been able to catch the fish and hold it her hands, the poem closed stages successfully in the company of the contradicting suggestions that creativity is brought into being by means of devastation: Bishop brought to a close, by explicitly saying that â€Å"suffering can be the impetus for the imagination†. On the other hand, in the short story by W. D. Wethrell about a large mouth bass entitled â€Å"The Bass, the River, and Sheila Mant†, the story of a 14-year old boy and his undying infatuation that eventually turned into love for a 17-year old girl named Sheila Mant, is told. This boy who can be considered as obsessed to Sheila had the courage to ask Sheila out for a date, Sheila then agreed to go with him. To cut it short, in the evening of the dance the boy set up well his canoe for him to use it to pick up Sheila; in their moment in the canoe the boy then had a dilemma between reeling in a large Mouth Bass or cutting the string and gain Sheila’s love. The story ended up with the boy deciding to cut the fishing line. In this story the author, Wethrell probably used the description of the size of the Bass, which was mentioned to be large, to as well describe how much he loves Sheila and also to describe the good qualities he saw in Sheila. The dilemma the boy felt between the reeling in of the fish and letting it go, most likely explicitly says something about holding on or letting go of Sheila, which would determine if the saying â€Å"the only perfect love is the one that gets away† will be true for him. And for the third literary work which will be â€Å"Traveling through the Dark† by William Stafford, recounted a story of the speaker in the poem who found a dead deer with an unborn fawn inside her. This deer mentioned, as described in the poem, was killed by a car hit, the speaker stressed out that he went near and checked on the dear that is why he had been able to describe how the dead deer looked and felt lying on the edge of Wilson River road. This poem by Stafford hides under its verses its true meaning which is in relation with the search for the ultimate truth. The narrator in the poem speaks with what appears to be like a maxim authority that is hard earned. And the poem tells us in atypical means that the choices we are going to make conceivably should be similar to the choices made by the speakers in the poem. References: Bishop, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Fish†. www. poemhunter. com/. May 1 2007. . Stafford, William. â€Å"Traveling through the Dark†. www. newsfromnowhere. com. May 1 2007. . Wethrell, W. D. â€Å"The Bass, the River, and Sheila Man†. www. exampleessays. com. May 1 2007. .

Still Night by Li Bai

Key Words: poem, translation, comparison Text Introduction: â€Å"Still night thoughts† Is one of the most popular poems In china, for Its words are simple, sentences are easily understood, and Its meaning arouses sympathy. It depicts in a silent moon night, the author sitting on the bed saw bright moonlight on the floor, and then he raised his head and watched the same moon that was above him and also above his homeland, which reminded him of his home. After that, he hung his hand, missing his hometown.There are dozens of â€Å"Still night thoughts% translations, I pick up five of them and compare them as following to present the effect of recreation and word selection in the poetry translation. Comparative Analysis: Version one: Night Meditation In front of my flooded with moonbeam, I mistook for frost appears on the floor; Lifting my head trying to watch the moon, I dropped again for missing our home town. This version is from a veteran writer Line Juliann The length of se ntence Is almost the same that each sentence Is composed of seven or eight words.At this point, It resembles five character quatrains. Meanwhile, the meaning of every sentence Is very closely to the original one and there Is only a little adjustment of rod order In first two sentences. Obviously, Len tried hard to accommodate his translation with the original one. In terms of form, this version Is very faithful. However, the use of some verbs Is not proper. For example, â€Å"trying† means make an attempt or effort, but in the third sentence, the author raised his head spontaneously when he found the light from the ground.In the fourth sentence, the verb â€Å"drop† means Tall suddenly, out In Tanat scene, writer was adsorbed In nostalgia; odometer, according to common sense, he must not have made such a big movement. In addition, there are some commendable creations in this version. In the first sentence, Line used the verb â€Å"flooded† vividly to highlight t he brightness of the moonbeam. In the fourth sentence, â€Å"our hometown† instead of â€Å"my hometown† arouses association that someone in the author's hometown is also watching the moon and missing him. They are the translator's recreation of the original poem.In general, it is a good translation and expresses Lie Basis emotion accurately. Version two: Thoughts in a Tranquil Night Athwart the bed I watch the moonbeams cast a trail So bright, so cold, so frail, That for a space it gleams Like hoarfrost on the margin of my dreams. I raise my head -? The splendid moon I see: Then drop my head, And sink to dreams of thee -? My fatherland, of thee! This version is from the British gemologist L. Crammer-Bang. His translation is very different from the original poem in form and meaning. The sentences are complicated and the expressions are too far away from the original one.We can find no evidence in Lie Basis poem about â€Å"so cold, so frail† in the second senten ce and â€Å"on the margin of my dreams† in the fifth sentence. Also, in the last sentence, the noun fatherland† departed from the author's opinion, because the creation time of â€Å"Still night thoughts† was in the glorious age of Tang dynasty, Lie ABA wrote this poem to express his homesickness rather than patriotism. I suppose the translator was not familiar with the creation background of the original poem, yet the culture background is the important part to analysis the motivation of writer's work and to comprehend it better.Though L. Crammer-Bang tried hard to recreate â€Å"Still night thoughts†, his lacking of culture background led to improper change. As a whole, this version is not a successful translation. Version three: So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed, Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight, Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home. This version is from a Harold Witter Banner , an American poet. Though its form differs from the original one, it is a simple and beautiful poem.It began with the phrase â€Å"so bright† attracting the readers to read forward and distinctively showed ten Darlingness AT ten Mooney. In ten second sentence, ten translator a mention what the bright gleam was, instead he wrote a rhetorical question â€Å"Could here have been a frost already? † he did not used any words to express â€Å"R' in the original poem, his expression manifested it well. In the next sentences, he selected the word â€Å"lift† and â€Å"sink† to display the writer's movement. â€Å"Lift† and â€Å"sink† comported the slow movement which implied the complex emotion of he writer.In the last sentence, Banner utilized the adverb the â€Å"suddenly' which added the finishing touch the pen. Despite of no related words in the original poem about the word â€Å"suddenly', we can feel from the scene that Lie ABA watched th e moon which associated him with he homeland, and then the strong emotion of homesickness occurred to him, so the nostalgia was a spasm. Banner stretched his imagination moderately and added the hidden meaning into the translation. Overall, this version not only displays the beauty of â€Å"Still night thoughts†, but also showed the translator bilingual language skill.Version four: As by my bed The moon did beam, It seemed as if with frost the earth were spread. But soft I raise My head, to gaze At the fair moon. And now, With head bent low, Of home I dream. This version is also from a foreigner John Turner. This version and it is a typical English poem. There are various sentence patterns and some sentences are separated into different lines and different in size. For instance, in the last two sentences, â€Å"With head bent IoW' is an independent nominative sentence and â€Å"of home I dream† is an inverted sentence.All these sentences in picturesque disorder presen t the irregular beauty of the English poem. As for selection of words, Turner did a good Job as well. Since the translator has already mentioned the moon in the first line, it is proper to use â€Å"seemed as † to express Also, the verb â€Å"gaze† emphasized the writer looked at the moon for a long time that well displayed the complicated feelings in the writer's heart. The phrase â€Å"bent IoW' used by Turner accurately depicts the slowly and gently movement of the writer's head. Anther apparent characteristic of this translation is its rhyme.It adopts iambic pentameter that is â€Å"ABA CD b† rhyme which makes the poem full of beauty of sound. However, the word â€Å"beam† in the second sentence is not suitable, for â€Å"beam† is used to indict a line of light which is different from the scene that the moonlight covered the ground. Soft† in the fourth line is unnecessary, for the reason that the writer is not prepared to feel sad and he raised his head naturally when he saw the light on the floor. It is superfluous to add the word â€Å"soft† here to enhance the emotion of homesickness.In general, it is a good translation and displays â€Å"Still night thoughts† with the beauty of English language. Version Twelve: Moonlight before my bed, Could it be frost instead? Head up, I watch the moon; Head down, I think of home. This version is from Chaos Sheehan This translation is simple and easily understood, its structure is clear and lucid, and it is easy to read, sing and memory. At this aspect, this version is very alike the original poem. But this translation is a good poem, because the wording of it is rough.For example, â€Å"head up† and â€Å"head down† in the last two sentences express the movement of raising head and falling head of the writer too straight and directly that they can not present the subtle emotions implied in the movement. In the first two sentences, the translator o mitted all words about the brightness of the moonlight in order to keep the translation succinct. However, moon is the most important imagery in this poem in that moon as a special meaning in the Chinese culture that it often closely related to the family, hometown or motherland, and it is the key to arouse the nostalgia of the writer in this poem.Therefore, this omission is not desirable. Meanwhile, Chaos made little creative changes in the translations. Although this version gets on for the regular beauty of Chinese ancient poem, it is not a beautiful English poem and can not represent the splendor of â€Å"Still night thoughts†. Conclusion: Generally speaking, the criteria of poetry translation are according to three sections faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Without enough knowledge of the culture background and the accurate understanding of the original poem, it is hard to achieve faithfulness and will mislead the readers, as version two mistakes homesickness wi th patriotism.On the base of faithfulness, excellent bilingual language skill is a must; otherwise original poem will lose its beauty under the translator's hand, as version five is a plain and too direct poem. In addition, apt recreation is needed to cater for different language user and even add beauty to the poem. Version one, three and five are successful examples with the translator's ingenuity, including wording, sentence pattern and organization.

The Organizational Strategy Of Apple - 1383 Words

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